A scientific study should be characterized by integrity and ethical conduct. Responsible researchers always pay attention to such aspects as confidentiality, participants’ rights, the use of reliable data, an unbiased approach, and so on. Plagiarism cannot be tolerated, and any idea or data has to be properly used with an appropriate reference. In simple terms, it is vital to treat people properly, check every finding and conclusion, report the findings accurately with the identification of any possible limitation or conflict of interest, unbiased attitude towards people, data, as well as other studies.
Peer review has to be unbiased and accurate (Gastel & Day, 2016). It is also essential to use reliable data when reviewing studies. The use of the information included in the article reviewed is possible if the reviewer fails to find the necessary data in other resources (Lee, Sugimoto, Zhang, & Cronin, 2012). Multiple authorship is associated with transparency as each author should understand the requirements provided by different journals. Authors should have equal access to the necessary resources and information concerning the publication process.
As to authorship, it is possible to use the approach based on the evaluation of each author’s contributions. The author who has contributed most should be the first one on the list. The authors, as well as their contributions, should be mentioned, which will be consistent with the principle of transparency (Oermann & Hays, 2016).
The following ethical considerations should be addressed: accuracy, confidentiality, safety, unbiased attitude, the use of reliable data, no plagiarism, and the like. Responsible researchers highlight relevant data and mention any possible conflicts of interest or limitations to their studies. Anonymity, confidentiality, and the safety of participants should also be ensured.
References
Gastel, B., & Day, R. A. (2016). How to write and publish a scientific paper (8th ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
Lee, C., Sugimoto, C., Zhang, G., & Cronin, B. (2012). Bias in peer review. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64(1), 2-17.
Oermann, M. H., & Hays, J. C. (2016). Writing for publication in nursing (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Springer.